Texas State Laws on Flag Burning, Desecration

In Texas, it is a misdemeanor if someone intentionally or knowingly damages, defaces, mutilates, or burns the flag of the United States or the State of Texas. A flag includes any emblem, banner, or other standard or a copy of an emblem, standard, or banner that is an official or commonly recognized depiction of the flag of the United States or of this state and is capable of being flown from a staff of any character or size but does not include a representation of a flag on a written or printed document. Source: 42.11 Analysis of the Law Texas was the source of the infamous Texas v. Johnson Supreme Court decision which upheld peoples right to burn American flags. At the time, the law made it a misdemeanor for someone to knowingly desecrate a state or national flag, where desecrate was defined as deface, damage, or otherwise physically mistreat in a way that the actor knows will seriously offend one or more persons likely to observe or discover his action. There isnt much difference between the law that was held unconstitutional in 1989 and the law which currently sits on the books in Texas. Now, as then, the crime is located not so much in the act as it is in causing negative reactions in others. You arent guilty of flag desecration in Texas if you burn a a flag and no one is offended; you only become a criminal when others take offense.

How Fracking Ignited The American Energy Revolution And...

How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World Russell Gold, a reporter for The Wall Street Journal, wrote a book entitled, The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World. In his book he begins by telling a personal story of how he has been affected by the â€Å"energy revolution. His parents, along with their friends, owned about 102 acres of land in Pennsylvania that was thought to have oil beneath it. The story begins when his parents were offered money by an oil company in order to get the rights to drill for oil on the property owned by them and their friends. His parents debate over it for a while, even asking his opinion on the matter, but would eventually come to the†¦show more content†¦This trend later became known as fracking, a new revolution sweeping the country (Gold, 2014). The American energy revolution, otherwise known as The Shale Gas Revolution, is described as being the big change in the ways in which we get our oil. In other words, it is a way of making the longevity of the oil we use as energy last just a little bit longer. The conventional oil we extract from the ground is rapidly running out, fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is another way to get more oil out of the ground from less. Much of the oil we have left on Earth is trapped in shale rocks beneath the surface, not easily retrieved. These rocks are impermeable making it difficult to get to the oil enclosed inside. By the use of fracking, which opens up these rocks in order to let the natural gas and crude oil inside flow out, we increase the time in which we have oil left in the Earth, to use this valuable fossil fuel. According to Gold, in 2008 it was a small energy firm located in Canada that was first to administer a report entitled The Shale Gas Revolution, which took to its support ers and is now used commonly. Gold believes in the revolution because he recognizes that the old ways of extracting the oil are crumbling, coal is no longer the major source of energy for making electricity, and a big change is occurring (Gold, 2014). As a result of this energy revolution, it has been said that fracking

Cuisine And Culture Of The Restaurant †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cuisine And Culture Of The Restaurant. Answer: Cuisine And Culture Of The Restaurant: I went to dine in the Host India restaurant situated in Ottawa, Canada. The Host India restaurant is known for fulfilling the wish of those food consumers in Canada, who crave for Indian foods. It mainly provides all dishes that is popular in Indian cuisine and provides authentic Indian food both in the form of buffet as well as delivery/take out. All contemporary Indian meals and desserts are available there (Hostindiaottawa.ca. 2018). Review Of Dining Experience At The Restaurant: I and my friend went to the Host India restaurant to try a different cuisine, however we had little idea about Indian cuisines. However, the experience there was exceptional as the manner in which they presented their foods to us, I got to know a lot about Indian cuisines. The first thing that attracted out attention while entering the restaurants was interior and exterior dcor of the restaurant. Unlike other classic restaurant in Canada, it had Indian decorations instead of Italian decorations. The ambience may not be termed as exceptional or unique, it had basic dining tables and buffet areas arranged for guest. However, everything looked sleek and clean. This impressed me because hygiene is a priority for me when I visit a restaurant. Based on the dcor and cuisine, it can be said that the restaurant acted an ethnic restaurant that used their dining services to attract the attention of tourist. Through their focus on maintaining authenticity of Indian food both in dcor as well as f ood served, they engaged in good expression of identity. The notion of authenticity as a motivation for promoting culinary tourism was maintained (Molz 1998). As I had no idea about the cuisine, I was a little clueless about the menu presented to us. This is because we were mainly used to Italian and European cuisines and we were confused regarding the food we should order. Once the staff realized that we were not acquainted with Indian cuisine, he approached us in a delightful manner to explain about the specialty of Indian cuisines and the food that is a must to try here. They were interest not only in serving food but also in striking a cord with us. They asked us questions like Have you dined here before? and what type of food you wish to eat here?. This type of communication strategy helped us to understand the type of flavor and spices we can expect here. Hence, we finally ended up ordering the classic samosa for starters and butter chicken with naan after we got to know that these are the popular items in Indian cuisine. This experience also taught us how food can be a good vehicle for tourism. They were involved in excellent culina ry tourism by their communication strategies. Restaurant staffs acts as the active agent, who help people who are not familiar with a cuisine to construct meaning of the food and fetish the exotic food options. The strategy used by restaurants to construct and negotiate identity about an unknown cuisine is understood (Beagan et al. 2015). In addition, while we were served the food, the staffs at Host India maintained the edibility and palatability value of the food by their presentation styles. Each food items that we ordered were nicely presented and one staff was giving us good information about the spices in each food items. The cutleries and other items at the table were also arranged according to Indian dining styles. They never left us unattended and came back during the meal to ask if we were enjoying the dish. Their attentive service was a winning point for me as their attitude showed that they were willing to provide good dining experience to us. This is also understood from the concept of culinary tourism perspective as Indian food is a rare food item in Canada and by using their food presentation technique and interest in making us familiar with the cuisine, they were promoting interest of diners in Indian cuisine. This strategy to introduce guest to new food by means of good dining experience and providing information about ingredients promotes culinary tourism and ensures that people who are not familiar with cuisine eats the food with pleasure instead of curiosity (Long, 1998).. As a person who loves to experiment with different food items, the experience of visiting the Host India restaurant provided me the opportunity to engage in connoiseeur cosmopolitanism. Connoiseeur cosmopolitanism focus on learning about different international foods and cuisines and the staffs at Host India helped me a lot in giving me knowledge about Indian cuisines (Beagan et al. 2015). They engaged in constructive tourism too as after the meal they asked us whether anything should be changed about dining experience there. I liked the service, the presentation style, however I wanted a better ambience. Due to my curiosity for Indian foods, I visited the website and Facebook page of the restaurant too after the dining experience. The manner in which they have introduced them in the website is very appealing for me. This is because it mentioned in great detail mainly about the Indian meals and the details about the cuisine motivated me to visit again (Hostindiaottawa.ca. 2018). References: Beagan, B.L., Chapman, G.E., Johnston, J., McPhail, D., Power, E.M. and Vallianatos, H., 2015.Acquired tastes: Why families eat the way they do. UBC Press. Hostindiaottawa.ca. 2018. Host India Food Delivery Takeout Menu | Ottawa. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.hostindiaottawa.ca/?utm_source=googleutm_medium=organicutm_campaign=website Long, L. M. (1998). Culinary tourism: A folkloristic perspective on eating and otherness.Southern Folklore,55(3), 181. Molz, J.G., 1998. Tasting an imagined Thailand.Culinary Tourism,55(3), p.53.

Joe Lieberman Profiles in Courage free essay sample

According to John F Kennedy, from his book Profiles in Courage a person who In whatever arena of life one may meet the challenge of courage, whatever may be the sacrifices he faces if he follows his conscience the loss of his friends, his fortune, his contentment, even the esteem of his fellow men each man must decide for himself the course he will follow. (246) is a profile in courage. Joe Lieberman an independent democrat has made many controversial actions towards the impact of his career (Condon). Lieberman a Connecticut Senator was elected in 1988, has made some controversial decisions in his career (Gunzburger). The ongoing war in Iraq is a commonly debated topic Lieberman, unlike his political party’s views, supported the troops in Iraq wishing they stay (Adyanthaya). In the most recent presidential election Joe Lieberman sided with Republican nominee John McCain much to the dislike of the Democratic Party (Caliborne and Hovell). We will write a custom essay sample on Joe Lieberman Profiles in Courage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His most recent action is his beliefs towards the healthcare bill (Condon). Senator Lieberman has gone against his political party risking his popularity and support from his people. The War in Iraq and Afghanistan has been a very controversial topic of how to approach a way out. Joe Lieberman has supported relieving Iraq of Saddam Hussein before George W. Bush was even elected president for his first term (Adyanthaya). Lieberman, in 1998, co-sponsored the Iraq Liberation Act. Unanimously the Act passed the Senate and made a change to the power of the government in Iraq official U. S. policy. Many people in the Democratic Party changed their opinion of the Iraq Liberation. Joe Lieberman went against his party supporting the Act (Adyanthaya). Many of Lieberman’s supporters were against America being involved in Iraq. Lieberman has been a target of political attacks based on decisions and beliefs (Adyanthaya). An article in the New York Times has described him as â€Å"an increasingly unwelcome figure within his party. † Lieberman’s beliefs and decisions have led his party to rule him out and may have started to ruin his political career. In 2000 he was the Democratic Party’s nominee for Vice President. In the 2006 senate election Lieberman was faced with a challenger for the upcoming election (Caliborne and Hovell). To make Lieberman’s matters worse The Daily Kos the single most popular liberal website at the time, was looking for donations to help Lieberman’s challenger Ned Lamont. Ned Lamont won the Democratic vote over Lieberman in the 2006 primary Senate Election (Burns). Lieberman came back and won as an Independent. In 2007 Lieberman was a supporter of Vice President Cheney’s plan for the war in Iraq. Lieberman appeared on CBS’s Face the Nation . There Senator Lieberman stated â€Å"I think we’ve got to be prepared to take aggressive military action against the Iranians to stop them from killing Americans in Iraq. And to me that would include a strike over the border into Iran, where we have good evidence that they have a base at which they are training these people coming back to Iraq to kill out soldiers (Porter). † Once again Lieberman went against his Democratic Party supporting the Republican opinion on the war in Iraq. In the 2008 presidential election Joe Lieberman made his stand supporting Republican nominee John McCain. In 2007 Lieberman decided to endorse McCain because he considered him to be â€Å"the most capable to be commander in chief†¦, and the most capable of uniting the country so that we can prevail against Islamic extremism† said an aide of Lieberman (King and Bash). Lieberman’s aide also insured that the senator doesn’t see this as a â€Å"commentary on or an endorsement of the Republican Party, only the person (King and Bash). † Many people who know and respect Senator Lieberman are unhappy with his decisions. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid stated â€Å"I have great respect for Joe, but I simply have to disagree with his decision to endorse Senator McCain (King and Bash). † When founder and CEO of the Democratic Leadership Council Al From, found out about Lieberman’s choice he said that â€Å"I am very saddened by senator Lieberman’s choice, and profoundly disagree with it. We need a Democratic president in 2008. (King and Bash)†, In response Lieberman said that â€Å"I know that it’s unusual for a Democrat to been endorsing a Republican. Lieberman also added that â€Å"Political Parties are important in our country. But they’re not more important than what’s best for our country, they’re not more important than friendship. † McCain said that â€Å"I think it’s courageous when anyone crosses party lines to support a candidate from another party, the easiest thing for Joe to do would have just have sat on the sidelin es in this campaign (Caliborne and Hovell). † The most current topic Joe has dealt with is the heath care reform bill. Senator Lieberman states that he has been â€Å"opposed to a movement-created, government-run insurance company (Grim)† In August of 2009 Lieberman believed that we have to put of the health care reform until the economy is out of recession (Noah). In October the bill that contained no public option passed the committee with every Republican opposed with the exception of Olympia Snowe (Grim), Lieberman stated that he will not support it â€Å"the way it is now. (Noah)† He also said that he will join a Republican filibuster against healthcare reform if it did contain public option. Lieberman said he’s â€Å"opposed a public option because of the potential burden it could place on taxpayers (Condon). † Democrats however made a public option that would be funded by premiums in place of federal funds (Condon). Health care options have yet to be finalized and Lieberman’s decisions are yet to be determined. â€Å"Being a Republican is important. Being a Democrat is important. But you know what’s more important than that? The interest and well-being of the United States of America (King and Bash),† he has said and has exactly done.

April Fools Essays - Belinda, College Buddies, April Fools

April Fools Essays - Belinda, College Buddies, April Fools April Fools Introduction There was a group of friends that was very united. They were always together. They had a great friendship, and were recognized for it. This group of friends consists of: ? Belinda: a responsible girl that cares for others. ? Hildy: a nice girl who is very friendly. ? Frank: the oldest of the 3 and also the most irresponsible; usually gets in trouble. The story is about this group that, as I said, was very unite, until April Fools, the day that changed their lives. All began where there was going to be a party out of town, and Frank who was the only one with an I.D. was the one to drive. The problem was that in the party he exceeded in beers, and because his state of unconsciousness he didn't know what he did. The topic of this story is nonfiction and the setting is New York. April Fools by Richie T. Cusick. Chapter 1 Belinda was starting her day at school as normal. She arrived to school without knowing that she will suddenly be very scared. She got to Hildy and they started chatting. Then, Frank came with a good new: " There's gonna be a party this Saturday at my friends house, you are invited." That was his words. This party was of some college buddies of Frank?s older brother. That Saturday will always be present in Belinda?s mind. That Saturday no one wondered of what was going to happen. Everyone thought it will be a great party and that everything will go wonderful. This party was out of town and on...on April Fool's Day. Yes, it was going to be on April 1st. That week no one talked of anything that was not about the party. Around the school the only thing that was heard was: "This party will be great." Of course, that there was going to be beers, as in any college party. Belinda at first had her doubts. She was a minor and she knew her mother wouldn't let her go. All that week Belinda was the only one that didn't know if she was going. Frank, that was a very good friend, but he sometimes was very irresponsible, (he was like the worst in the group) convinced her of going, and the excuse was that she will stay at Hildy?s house as any other weekend to rent some movies. Chapter 2 With this excuse, her mother let her go, trusting her. Belinda was happy and quickly went to Hildy?s. There she dressed up and was ready for the party. Since Frank was the only one with an I.D. he was the one to drive. He arrived to Hildy?s and picked both of them and went to the party. At the party, everyone danced and drank and smoked and had a lot of fun. The party was going well and Belinda was having a lot of fun. She and Frank danced almost all night, the same as Hildy. Hildy noticed that Frank was drinking too much, and this was when the problem started. Hildy wanted to leave the party, because if no, everything might turn worse. She tried to convince Frank of leaving, but Frank, with his state of unconsciousness didn't know what was happening, and since he had the facility to drink more, he wanted to stay. Finally, Belinda and Hildy forced Frank to leave. The problem will now be worse... Chapter 3 While driving back home, Belinda and Hildy were scared about Frank?s situation and wanted to get back home the sooner they can. Frank started joking, but these jokes were for bad. He took a shortcut that his brother recommended, where there wasn't likely to be any highway patrol near the airport. Of course that Belinda and Hildy rejected, but they couldn't do anything against Frank. Frank had started feeling sick, but there was nowhere to pull off on the narrow downhill stretch, and it was so curvy dangerous, and Belinda was so frightened. That's when another car pulled up behind them, honking, trying to pass. By this time, a terrible storm was present. Belinda had peered out through the rain on the back window, but hadn't been able to see any faces and the car kept

Noun Clauses

Noun Clauses Noun Clauses Noun Clauses By Maeve Maddox A reader asks for more information about noun clauses. First, a little review. A clause is a group of words that contains a main verb. Examples: I dance the polka. what people like that ruined the evening Clauses are of two kinds: main or independent subordinate or dependent Clauses function as parts of speech: He bumped into the wall when the lights went out. (Adverb clause modifying the verb bumped.) Theres the man who saved the kitten. (Adjective clause qualifying the noun man.) He knows what consumers like. (Noun clause, object of the verb knows.) A noun clause functions as a noun in another clause. The noun clause may be the subject or object of a verb, or the object of a preposition: What he is doing smacks of corruption. (Noun clause, subject of the verb smacks.) We can only hope that the wind will die down soon. (Noun clause, object of the verb can hope.) Ill give this computer to whoever wants it. (Noun clause, object of the preposition to.) And yes, it should be whoever and not whomever because whoever is the subject of the verb wants. Some words that may introduce a noun clause: who whom whose which that if whether what when where how why whoever whenever whatever wherever Sometimes the introductory word may be left out, as in I wish I knew the reason. (i.e,, I wish that I knew the reason.) But thats another post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point ArcHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsWhat the Heck are "Peeps"?

Marketing Process Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Process Questions - Essay Example Even though the customers at the hotel are satisfied with the service that Hydro Tech offers and there is a demand for such service, but the buying power remains in the hands of the manager who has to check for the feasibility of such cleaners. Hydro Tech vacuum cleaners are more costly than the average vacuum cleaners and since the consumers in the hospitality industry usually buy at low bulk price, they are not willing to spend almost double of the price of the average vacuum cleaner. Furthermore, vacuum cleaners by Hydro Tech require initial training before they can be used by the average consumer. Thus Hydro Tech would have train the entire cleaning staff of the particular hotel and for this the manager would have to allocate time for the training. The marketing process allows an organization to understand its target market and to develop marketing strategies that suit that particular target market. When an organization is catering to different target markets, it is imperative that the marketing strategies for different target markets are different. For example, in the airline industry, the marketing tactics for first class passengers differs from that of economy class. In a similar way, when Hydro Tech moved from the health industry and towards the hospitality industry, it was important that they revise their marketing tactics to suit the needs of the target market. Hydro Tech was unable to develop a marketing strategy that catered to the needs of the target market and this is because of lack of understanding of the marketing truths. Firstly, Hydro Tech did not analyze the situation properly, that is, it failed to understand the decision making process of the consumers in that particular industry, Secondly, since Hydro Tech f ailed to understand the target market, they did not produce a marketing strategy that would attract to this target market. Thirdly, they did not make

Housing Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Housing Prices - Essay Example In this paper, we will first have a look at the whole U.S. mortgage crisis scenario as that has been the major factor that has brought this whole situation into the public perception. Understanding the situation in the light of statistics is very important, as even though this whole topic is so dense and enormous that it cannot be in this paper, but it is certainly essential to have a feel of the situation before we move along. Then, we would move onto the U.S. housing market and try to understand the shifts in pricing over the past decade and the reasons behind these shifts. Furthermore, we will try and determine the implications of the housing market on the economy of the country in general i.e. what effect will the volatility have on the demand and supply equilibrium of the market itself and the greater effect this will have on the economy in general. This is an important section of this paper as this provides the rationale for conducting an analysis on the housing prices and also helps us understand key economic indicators which can help us understand the market better and perhaps prevent market meltdowns like the one suffered in 2006 from occurring again. Finally, we will conclude the paper with our final remarks on the conducted analysis. [1] The U.S. mortgage side has been ruined. ... Even those from lower classes "benefited" from this housing price bubble by being able to own houses with small down payments. Rising prices of housing led to increased borrowing on home equity. The Americans were enjoying their time in the U.S as housing prices shot up 40% between 2000 and 2006 to a high of $234,000. The ratio of median house price to median household income rose from a historically steady ratio of three times (from 1970- 2000) to five times in 2006. This could not be sustained. Housing prices tapered off and started to decline in early 2006 and furthermore in 2007 and 2008; in compliance with what we have seen in the recent two years. With a $20 trillion housing sector, every 10% fall erodes off $2 trillion in household wealth. Almost in parallel, rates of default and foreclosure began to climb. In 2006, 1.2 million household lends saw foreclosure, up 42% from the previous year. The basic definition of sub-prime mortgages is basically lending to borrowers who want to buy a house but who have a weak credit rating. Lenders did so by providing small or zero down payment, and low introductory adjustable rate mortgages. Between 2004 and 2006, there were bookings of $1.5 trillion (15% of the total U.S. housing lends) of sub-prime mortgages. Total sub-prime lends form 25% of the housing mortgage market; these sub-prime lends were fine as long as the housing market continued to boom and interest rates remained stable. When these conditions disappeared, sub-prime borrowers defaulted. The defaults caused an implosion of Mortgage-backed securities and the Collateralized debt duties industry. The blow out shelled in June 2007 with the collapse of sub-prime mortgage hedge funds managed by Bear Stearns, quickly followed by suspending other funds managed

American View of Slavery from 1790 to 1820s Essay

American View of Slavery from 1790 to 1820s - Essay Example Slave Trade: The Europeans justified the slave trade by proclaiming that they were providing an opportunity for Africans to become Christians. By the 17th century the removal of slaves from Africa became a holy cause that had the full support of the Christian church.(Walvin 1983). Also, race and racism provided the excuse slave owners needed to allow themselves to own slaves without feeling guilty. â€Å"Slavery was not a side show in American history†, says Dr. James Horton of George Washington University; â€Å"It was the main event†. In his book American Slavery – American Freedom, Edmund S. Morgan makes a searching study of the tragic contradiction which was at the core of America, as seen in Virginia. It was the first state to start the freedom struggle through the Revolution and was also the largest slave holder in the country. The labor of enslaved Africans proved crucial in the development of South Carolina, Georgia, and Maryland, and contributed indirect ly through commerce to the fortunes of New York, Massachussetts, and Pennsylvania. The Africans were made to work on fields to grow rice, cotton, indigo, sugarcane, tobacco, etc.They also worked in the commercial economy and as domestic servants . Slavery took deepest root in Louisiana and other territories in the South. Several revolts and uprisings took place, in protest against the inhuman conditions and treatment meted out to the Africans.

The Rogerian approach to therapy has severe limitations

The Rogerian approach to therapy has severe limitations Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was a major force for psychology in the twentieth century. His theory on client centred therapy is still used today in mainstream counselling though now it is more widely known as person centred. To whether client centred therapy is supportive rather than reconstructive, Rogers work focused on phenomenology and his three core conditions to a working relationship; Unconditional Positive Regard, Empathy and Congruence. I will explore which aspects are supportive and which are reconstructive and whether there are any limitations to this approach. Rogers believed that everyone has the ability to change for the better and they hold all the answers within them even if they do not know it yet. His theory was based around three core conditions that the therapist should abide by in order to help the client feel at ease, feel confident in themselves and develop their own answers. These core conditions are Empathy, Congruence and Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR). This essay will look at Rogers theory on client-centred therapy; Phenomenology and the three core conditions. The essay will also evaluate whether there are any limitations to Rogerian theory due to it being supportive rather than reconstructive. In 1928, Carl Rogers went off to Rochester, NY where he took his first job at the Rochester Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children where he worked essentially as a child clinical psychologist until 1938. In 1936 Rogers became interested in the Rankian approach to therapy after attending a series of Otto Ranks lectures. Rogers always stated that Rankian influenced the shape that person centered counseling took, especially its emphasis on the positive characteristics of the individual, the quality of the therapeutic relationship, and a focus on responding to feelings. I became infected with Rankian ideas. (Kramer cited in www.ottorank.com) When Rogers was at Rochester he worked with a mother whose son was displaying behavioural problems. Dryden (2007) wrote that Rogers saw the root of the problem as the mothers rejection of her son as a baby. Rogers could not get the mother to see this and was about to give up when she asked for adult counselling for herself. This shift in focus served as a catalyst for her to speak about all her problems she was experiencing. Rogers found this case a turning point in what therapy should be about; the client (Rogers 1939). It began to occur to me that unless I had a need to demonstrate my own cleverness and learning, I would be better to rely upon the client for the direction of movement in the process. (Dryden 2007:145) Around the time of Rogers, theorists such as Strange (1950) saw counselling as a relationship, which encourages growth in both and therapist and the client. Smith (1955) defined counselling as therapist led in that they would assist the client in interpreting their problems and thoughts (cited in Chadra Gupta 1989:187) In 1951 Rogers published Client-Centred Therapy which established him highly in the psychotherapeutic community. Rogers claimed that behavioural therapists were preventing their clients from self-actualizing and discovering their own solutions. Carl Rogers (1951) developed his client-orientated approach to meet the demand of personal freedom (Chadra Gupta 1989:187) in that it seats the client at the centre of the process with the therapist just walking alongside. Rogers work was based on the belief that the client know what is best for themselves rather than followers of psychoanalysis and behavioural theories which sees the therapist interpreting the problem and what is solution is. Rogers try to make clients feel unique, he wanted to understand how the client felt and reflected their statements back to them. Rogers (1951) saw the purpose of counselling being a more broadly based structure of self, an inclusion of a greater projection of experience as a part of self and a more comfortable and realistic adjustment to life. (Chadra Gupta 1989:11) Rogers tended to distance himself from already established theories as he felt that it attempted to fit the client into a mould rather than seeing the client as they are. He found then that he could devote his energy instead to relating deeply to his clients and discovering with them what worked. (Thorne 2003:24) Rogers had an understanding that a person was not just made up of ID and Ego (Freudian theory) but was also a product of his or her environment, family and values. He saw a persons behaviour as subjective to himself or herself. To Rogers, the equality between the client and therapist was integral to a healthy and positive therapeutic relationship. Rogers felt that if the therapist were to be seen as the expert it would throw the relationship off balance, as it is the client who is the one with all the answers, not the therapist. The issue of power is central to his understanding of the therapeutic relationship. (Thorne 2003:25) The subjective experience of the client is key to Rogers client centred approach and if the therapist is the one with the power then the client may feel no validity in their own thoughts and self understanding. Hence, the therapeutic relationship breaks down and the client will never achieve success in finding his or her own answers (i.e. Conditional Regard of what the therapist wants). Rogers therapy is supportive in that the therapist accompanies the client on their journey whilst displaying UPR, congruence and empathy but it is also reconstructive as it enables the client to make the right changes for themselves without any judgement of the therapist. The therapist should be a facilitator not an authorative expert. In my opinion, Rogers seeing the clients as client and not patients is what sets aside this form of working from the doctor-patient medical model. Rogers way of working encouraged therapy o be a process about the individual and their needs, not a diagnostic tool which is generic to every patients symptoms. The process is the key factor. (Dryden 2007:186) Phenomenology holds the belief that all humans behave in response and accordance of their own subjective understanding and awareness of where we are in the world. The therapists function is to aid the client in the exploration and discovery of his or her own inner resources. (Thorne 2003:25) Central to Rogers phenomenological theory is optimism and that a human has a basic optimistic view and if supported in finding an understanding in their subjective world, then the client would start to engage in behaviours and thoughts that were positive. This concept became known as The Actualising Tendency. Carl Rogers believed that there was one motivational force that determined the development of the human being. He called this the Actualising Tendency. (Mearns Thorne 2008:12) In Rogers understanding and anthropological research he found that humans, in nature, have an innate desire to move towards progress, positiviness and their potential. Like a flower sown in rough soil surrounded by darkness and poisons, it will strive towards even a glimmer of light in order to survive and grow. Rogers saw peoples behaviour as no different. Rogers continued this analogy by explaining that the rougher and poorer soil (i.e. the environment someone is in), the more water and nourishment theyll need. The harder a persons situation and circumstances, the more support they will need to find and grow towards their Actualising Tendency. Depending on the person, this process can be slow and sometimes even stop depending on their self-perception or other parts of them, which can be, more resistant to change or self-realisation. The Human Organism itself manifests this tendency and has infinite inner resources. For Rogers the tendency to actualise the self is essentially a subsystem of the Actualising tendency. (Thorne 2003:27) This supportive element of Rogers worth explored questions such as How does it feel and What it be like toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦known as Spotlighting. Although Rogers is directing the conversion, the client is still recognising their own behaviours and coming to their own conclusions about any changes that need to be implemented; self-actualizing. This is reconstructive an example of this would be weight loss: Within the framework of the Self Actualizing Tendency Rogers believed that humans have enormous resources for successful living and to achieve a happy and fulfilled life. Rogers believed that your body knows what it wants and needs and when it is full; you just need to listen to it. The body and mind are connected together with Phenomenology. To the client food may represent more than food, it may represent comfort, acceptance and stress relief and the natural relationship is changed. This can also happen when people starve themselves or diet unhealthily to be an acceptable size by size 0 society norms. When people are pregnant they tend to listen less to society and more to their body and less to society and previous conditioned values i.e. I might be getting bigger but my baby needs me to eat more. Rogers supported in clients in feeling open enough to talk about their relationship with food and would help them peel back the onion layers i.e. you overeat due to stress, lets address the feelings of stress first. The client then can rebalance their emotional need without eating to feel normal. Through Empathy, UPR and Congruence, the client begins the process of self-actualizing without any limitations imposed from the therapist. This is when the therapist reflects what they key issues that need to be addressed. Although this seems to conflict with Rogers belief that the client finds their own answers, once the key issues are spotlighted, the client then decides what they want to focus on, even if the therapist sees the answers lying elsewhere. Fully Functioning (Rogers 1963) people are as Rogers described are psychologically healthy persons who have been fortunate enough to be surrounded by others whose acceptance and approval have enabled them for at least some of the time to be in touch with their deepest feelings and experiences. (Mearns Thorne 2008:15) Fully Functioning clients have trust in the organismic valuing process and feel confident. Others who are not fully functioning are those who have faced or continue to face negativity, conditional positive regard and judgement. The key to Rogers client centred approach was the concept of self worth. Rogers identified that when we are born we have a tendency towards actualisation. This gets cloudy the older we get, once we inherit parental values, different environments and conditions of worth, reward and our need for positive regard increases. We require at some level and in some way, however minimal, to feel good about ourselves and if this need is not met it is difficult to function in the world. (Thorne 2003: Rogers theory of self was based on the principle that if we are raised in a supportive and positive environment where we receive positive reinforcement for who are and want to do, then we trust in own abilities and our thoughts and feelings in order to make the correct decisions in line with our perception of the world. If however, we are raised in an environment filled with conditions of worth such as If you do x then you will be good or Mummy will love you if, then our need for positive regard in dependant on other people. We will grow up only recognising achievements depending on values and responses of others rather than feeling fulfilled in whom we are and the life we lead; we are only dependent on ourselves. Psychological disturbances will be perpetuated if an individual continues to be dependent to a high degree on the judgement of others for a sense of self worth. (Mearns Thorne 2008:153) Rogers believed that this dissonance between our innate need for approval and our inner self-wisdom is the root cause of much inner disturbance and lack of self-confidence to make positive decisions on our own, for ourselves. Rogers saw this as a lack of self-trust in the organismic valuing process. If people are not raised in a supportive environment where they are listened to and valued then the supportive environment of Rogerian therapy might be their first experience of feeling valued. Rogers believed in a mixture of his therapy being supportive as well as reconstructive and the process should emphasise the thinking with the individual, not for the individual. People cannot only be affected by their inter-personal relationships but also by their social and cultural norms. An example of this affecting a persons Actualizing Tendency is when the media and society portrays a size 0 image as what is the new definition of beautiful. For those that arent that particular size it could make them feel devalued by society and could impact on their esteem and confidence levels. This is turn could affect and superseded their Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR) they received from their parents saying they are ok the way they are and leave the person feeling lost and insecure. Rogers highlighted the importance of giving UPR in sessions, empathising with clients and building a good rapport and level of trust. Through this client-focused medium, the client can start working on the issues they feel are negative to them; comparing themselves and valuing themselves against the size 0 images in magazines. The therapist aims to create an environment in which the client can be supported to achieve personal growth by reconnecting with their Organismic Valuing Process (how I feel), Self-Actualizing Tendency (what do I need) and their Internal Locus of Control (I am worthy). These supportive key elements to Rogers theory highlight the persons need for unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruence. The therapist provides a relationship of trust, warmth and UPR that encourages clients to talk about themselves and their feeling. (Heap Aravind 2002:186) Empathy by Collins dictionary definition is the power of understanding and imaginatively entering into another persons feelings. (www.freedictionary.com) Empathy is the therapists ability to understand the clients subjective perceptual world and how they see themselves and the world around them. It is a process. In person centred therapy the counsellor tries to enter the clients frame of reference and walk alongside him in his world. (Mearns Thorne 2008:69) It is important that the therapist remains reliable and strong and not get sucked down into the clients world so much that they lose sight of their role in this process. A good analogy of where that boundary is and why is The Well. If a client is stuck at the bottom of a well there is little point the therapist getting down into the well with them to find out how they are as then they would both be stuck. Instead, the therapist could sit on the edge of the well, talking to the client and empathising that this situation must be hard, lonely etc without being down there and equally stuck. Rogers believed that an empathetic approach required the therapist to be secure within themselves before entering into a clients world: the As If factor. This is to state that the therapist should enter to clients world as if they were there, not get lost in it. When this is achieved, there can be movement in the clients self-concept and worth, as the therapist is able to express empathetic responses, which show the client they are being understood. Although each person experiences the world differently, a therapists understanding and appreciation of a persons problems and hardship can be supportive to the client. Rogers believed that empathy could be shown in therapy through good body language, summarising and reflection. Empathy is a continuing process whereby the counsellor lays aside her own way of experiencing and perceiving reality, preferring to sense and respond to the experiencing and perceptions of her client. (Mearns Thorne 2008:67) Communication is key to this core condition. When a client feels accepted, valued and understood it aids feelings of alienation, loneliness and desperation. Rogers referred back to these core conditions as integral to person centred counselling therapy. Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR) as non-judgemental acceptance of a client and is key to the client feeling safe enough to work through their negative feelings. Rogers believed in peoples honesty when not faced with judgment and rejection; the client should be accepted as they are not as they want to be or how the therapist feels they should be. Rogers advocated that the client should be totally accepted with no exceptions. If the therapist accepts you, that is one step closer to self-acceptance. If the therapist can show UPR regardless of what the client says i.e. I hate my mother and want to kill her and empathise with how they feel, they will be in a relaxed trustworthy environment to open up to what might be underlying these feelings. Rogers believed these core conditions can help the client come to terms with their emotions and in turn, their self-regard will improve. Although this could be seen as facilitating a change I see it as more reconstructive as it can go far deeper than the presenting need and the therapist might never be aware of where the change is actually happening i.e. being able to talk about hating their mother might spark revelations that can now be accepted i.e. Its not my fault. In practical terms it can be hard for some therapists to let go of the power or lead the client to elicit change. This will lead the client down their own path of self-change and correction of negative behaviours and false statements which is far more powerful. Rogers saw that most people accessing therapy had little UPR in their life and saw this is a root of their problems. Unconditional positive regard is the label given to the fundamental attitude of the person centred counsellor towards her clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and is not deflected in that valuing by any particular client behaviours. (Mearns Thorne 2008:95) Rogers believed that this consistent unconditional regard aids the clients process of feeling valued and break down barriers the client might be putting up in order to feel accepted. Unconditional Positive Regard is important as it directly conflicts with the self-defeating cycle. This cycle (Mearns Thorne 2008:99) promotes a clients condition of worth, which they might have carried around all their life. With the therapist counteracting this, it can aid the client in finding a break through in their negative patterns. These core conditions to Rogerian client-centred therapy are both supportive; the UPR, but also reconstructive as the client is the one finding their own answers, without condition or judgment from the therapist. Yet this can only be achieved with empathy and congruence otherwise it may seem false. Congruence is characterised by the therapist being transparent to the client, not superior to them. It is genuine, authentic and real. The therapist conveys this genuine realness and allows the client to see them as a human being not a doctor hiding behind certificates and metaphorical white coats. Congruence can be displayed verbally; thats terrible, I dont understand, please say that again, and non-verbal communication such as facial expressions and body language which reflects, not mimics, the clients. This process of the three core conditions supports the client in feeling relaxed and confident to look at their problems honestly and without judgement though it is reconstructive as the client is the one in the drivers seat; making the changes for themselves. From the reading I have done for this essay I feel that the one main limitation to Rogerian theory regarding its supportive nature would be that Rogers non-directive approach to therapy is not consistent as reconstructive as with techniques such as summarising and selective reinforcement, answers and reactions can be shaped. I have found another limitation is Rogers belief in the potential of the fully functioning person, which is not achievable in reality. Although the idea is something to aim for! Does supportive mean it cant be reconstructive? Only the client knows what they need and once they connect with that, only they will know how they feel. The therapist can support them in their journey but it is actually made by the client. Rogation therapy is based on both a supportive and reconstructive stance as the client benefits from the empathy, Unconditional Positive Regard and congruence the therapist gives them but ultimately it is the client who recognises where changes could be beneficial and implicates them. One of the most rewarding moments in a counselling process comes when a client discovers or re-discovers the dependability of his organismic valuing process however temporary or partial this may be. (Mearns Thorne 2008:14) I feel in conclusion that Rogerian therapy can be both supportive and reconstructive and that is the mix of the two, which takes away any major limitations. WORD COUNT: 3449

The Role of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls Essay examples -- An I

The Role of the Inspector in 'An Inspector Calls' An Inspector Calls is a play with many social and political messages. J. B. Priestley believed a great deal in socialism and he used several of his plays to try and influence people to be Socialist as well. It was written in a time when Britain was ruled by a Labour government and socialist policies were seen as the way forward. It was a popular way of thinking at that time so Priestley's aim for the play was probably to teach the unconvinced. The Inspector in J. B. Priestley's 'An Inspector Calls' is one of the most thought-provoking and mysterious characters that modern day literature has yet produced. It is this mysterious element that contributes greatly to making him a very interesting character and one that may be perceived in many ways. The audience does not find a great deal out about the Inspector and nothing is explicitly told to us; we are given hints and clues from the way he acts and what he says and are forced to piece these together to form our own ideas about his identity and his intentions. In this way, Priestley has asked his audience to act as a judge and to reach personal conclusions about him. The role of the Inspector is one of many levels. In terms of how he is used in the basic structure of the play, he is there to move the play along in that he encourages the characters to tell their stories. If there was not the revelation that he was not a real Police Inspector, he would only be considered as a narrator and not play a big part in the play. Because it transpired that he was an impostor of sorts, further questions are asked by the audience and different insights have become likely and it is clear that the Inspector is in the play for many reasons. T... ...e unpunished. One must conclude that the Inspector's main purpose is to teach. In the context of the play, he told the characters what had happened to a particular girl because they had each been guilty of selfishness. In regards to the whole of society, he voiced Priestley's opinions that we cannot make any progress if we do not work together. In my opinion, those watching or reading the play today would not gain as much from the story in regards to the moral teachings because most have now accepted the advantages of Socialism over Capitalism and so do not have as much to learn on the arguments of this issue as the audiences of 1947. In regards to the question of what the Inspector actually was, I personally feel that there is not enough evidence given for even a strong, fact-supported theory to be produced to answer the question, let alone an infallible answer.

Alumni tracking system Essay

Websites become more ubiquitous. It gives universal access to a large universe of documents. â€Å"Through the help of World Wide Web (WWW) and websites, internet has become very useful in many ways for a common man. It brought the globe in a single room right from the news across the world to the wealth of information it offers† as noted from Kaiz Karen (2009) in her article about â€Å"10 Common Uses of Internet†.[1] These information are generated by multiple sources and organized into files when formed together can be called a website. â€Å"A website, also written as web site, or simply site, is a set of related web pages typically served from a single web domain. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the Web†. [2] There are numerous sites that can be used for finding and connecting people that we have lost touch with. Reconnecting with these people in this way is perhaps the only avenue we have in some cases. Alumni are probably one of the most important constituent of a school institution. â€Å"They create the university’s reputation, which relies in large part on how successful graduates are in the real world. This process is self-feeding as well. If a school becomes well known for producing graduates  that are intelligent, innovative, and effective in their fields, then its reputation will grow.†[3] â€Å"Colleges track their graduates because they need them to continue to show interest. Not only are college alumni a pool of potential individual donors, they are also a testament to the value of a continued association with the school.†[4]Hence, it is not easy to keep track students once they graduated. And with the steady increase in the number of college graduates, employment opportunities become very competitive. Therefore, graduates find it hard to get jobs suitable with their skills and acquired knowledge. Purpose and Description To provide a systematic method to monitor and track the level of engagement and satisfaction the alumni body has for Aces Polytechnic College. Survey will provide more than a simple percentage satisfied, it will provide diagnostic information about what is driving satisfaction and engagement, where there are strengths and weaknesses, and what level of engagement the alumni are reporting. The data would be broken down and analyzed by segment (class year, geographic location, activity level, etc.). On an on-going basis (biennially), this measurement tool will provide Aces Polytechnic College and the Alumni Association with a solid, fact-based means of identifying where progress is being made and where deficiencies need to be addressed. Method: Online survey conducted by sending an email invitation to email addresses of Aces Polytechnic College alumni. Rather than expend resources to develop a survey tool, this system will help the institution on gathering information from the alumni’s employment records that would also help the institution to acquire scholarships from the Commission of Higher Education. Identifying trends and motivators will help target programming and communications more effectively, deepening the level of engagement with alumni. Sharing this data with administrators, faculty, and other staff across campus will help in the effort to increase awareness of, and build support for, alumni engagement efforts. (2013, 07). Alumni Tracking System. Objective of the Project To enable graduate students register alumni via website. To enable graduate students share an activity and information regarding their alumni. Process/print out necessary report. This project also comes with administrator site management system. The advantages of administrator site are: 1. Easy for administrator to key-in data regarding alumni activities and information. 2. Data entered by alumni member are easily managed and intended for data analysis process. 3. Let the information spread between alumni member and the school. Scope and Limitation of the Project Online Monitoring System for the Employment Status of ACES Graduates is a website that can be access by the alumni of ACES Polytechnic College where they will be updated about the school, programs and announcements with regards to the school and its alumni. The system will not just help improve the relationship of the school to its graduates but also will lessen the work of the Guidance Councilor in monitoring the employment status of its graduates which is needed to be reported to TESDA and make it more updated because of its accessibility. The process started when user browse into Alumni Registration page. When the connection is established the main menu will appear. User can make selection between these four menus; news and job, registration menu, member search menu and the last one was update profile menu. In the registration menu, the user will start to fill their personal details like name, address, password, contact number, occupation and year of graduation and etc. Password is used to update the profile in profile update menu. If the registration is success, the data (personal details) will be stored in database. If it fails, user must enter the data back accordingly to ensure the registration is succeeded. To search for existing member, user can choose member search menu and they must key-in at least 2 characters, the result like name, phone number and address will come out if the user existed in database. The other menu will let user to read recent news and job vacancy regarding their  alumni. References: 1. Karen, K. 2009. 10 Most Common Uses of the Internet. http://ezinearticles.com/?10-Most-Common-Uses-of-the-Internet&id=3086972 2. Website  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website. Retrieved 2014-08-12. 3. The  Importance  of  Alumni  Relations – Supporting  Education. www.supportingeducation.org/2013/01/10/importance-alumni-relations/. Retrieved 2014-08-12. http://prezi.com/qaby0xga8u-d/alumni-tracking-system-of/

Leadership Types Transformational, Transactional and Charismatic

Leadership Types Transformational, Transactional and Charismatic Leadership is a progressive process whereby a person (the leader) influences other people’s behavior and organizes people coherently and cohesively to attain a specific objective. Leadership comes in different forms; therefore, this document will focus on the three types, that is, transformational, transactional, and charismatic and their differences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Types: Transformational, Transactional and Charismatic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transformational leadership In transformational leadership, a leader raises the team’s emotions and encourages them to work beyond the organization’s set goals. Transformational leadership re-energizes his team to become stronger in achieving the set goals. In this style, change or transformation takes center stage; the leader aims for change or the transformation of the entire organization or subject. Moreover, in trans formational leadership, the leader supports his or her subject in various capacities thus motivating them. Transactional leadership On the other hand, a transactional leader is more effort-reward oriented. In this style, the subjects are motivated by punishments and benefits. Moreover, there is a clear chain of command, whereby the junior staffs report to their seniors. A transactional leader approaches his or her team in a way that they must obey him or her fully, since the firm pays the members for their hard work and obedience. Charismatic leadership In charismatic leadership, charm and personality takes center stage. Leaders using this style do not exhibit elements of authority. The subjects become followers of their role models or their figure of admiration (leader). Leaders in this style use their charisma and persuasion abilities to gain more followers, as well as fame. Conclusion There are various types of leadership styles used by various leaders in guiding their subjects. These leadership styles include charismatic, transactional, and transformational. They differ significantly in their application.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effective groups and teams Every group must undergo a development process. The development process consists of various stages that lead to maturity stage. Using a team formed in various organizations such as the management team as our group, this document will analyze the development stages experienced by the group. Stages of group development The foremost phase of group development is â€Å"forming.† It entails the coming together of individuals having a common purpose. Therefore, in relation to the management team, this is whereby managers come together and form a group with the common purpose of governing the organization. After the forming process, the subsequent phase is â€Å"storming.† In this stage, there are excessive conflicts about their purposes or goal, since team member attempt to understand each other. I a management team, the managers often disagree on some of their objectives and strategies, due to their diverse thoughts. The third stage is â€Å"norming† whereby team member develops a healthy working relationship. At this stage, they seem to understand each other very well. Therefore, in a management team, managers seem to have an excellent relationship and work together with the common goal of reaching their various objectives. They often seem to understand each other very well. The fourth phase is â€Å"performing.† At this stage, every member of the groups performs their role with the sole aim of reaching their target. Linking this with a management group, managers often work with the sole aim of meeting organizational goals. The final phase is â€Å"termination.† At this phase, group members have met their goal thus do not have any reason for existence. Therefore, in a management team, members of the management team often have completed their mission of governing their organization. Since they do not have a reason for existence, they terminate the group’s existence. Conclusion Every group has various development stages. Every formed group must undergo these stages before meeting their goals. This also includes any management group of a firm. These stages are divided into five stages, the last one being termination, which occurs after the accomplishment of the desired goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Types: Transformational, Transactional and Charismatic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

How to Get Your CDL in Alaska and Nebraska

How to Get Your CDL in Alaska and Nebraska This article is useful for anyone who wants to get your CDL in Alaska and Nebraska. If you want to learn about earning a CDL at other states, we have put together a comprehensive guide on how to get a CDL  in every state of the country. AlaskaAnyone  working temporarily in Alaska with  a CDL from another state can  work using their  home state CDL. But if transferring to a permanent position or moving to  Alaska full time, one must get an Alaska  CDL.To apply for a CDL in Alaska, you must:Provide proof of birthdate and identityBe 21+ years old when you apply if planning to drive inside and outside of AlaskaBe 19+ years old when you apply if planning to drive only within AlaskaHave held a regular driver’s license for at least one yearProvide your Social Security numberPass the vision, written, and road testsHave a valid medical cardWritten TestThe first part of the written test is a general knowledge test covering road rules, commercial vehicle laws, basic operati on knowledge, and safety procedures. Ever applicant takes the general knowledge test.  Once you pass this, you will be tested on other technical areas if they are applicable to your chosen vehicle.Road TestOnce you’ve passed your written tests, you must  take a road test, which is broken down into three parts:Pre-trip Inspection.  You must pass the pre-trip inspection before you will be permitted to go on to the basic skills portion of the road test.Basic Skills Test.  This test will cover maneuvers like  parallel parking, backing, alley docking, the forward stop, backward serpentine, and straight line backing. You must pass this portion of the road test before you  will be permitted to go on to the  driving skills portion of the road test.Driving Skills Test.  In this part  of the test, the examiner will ask you to perform a number of basic and complex driving maneuvers: right and left turns, intersections, urban and rural straight driving, urban and rural lane changes, freeway driving, stopping and starting, driving on curves, upgrades, downgrades, railroad crossings, bridges and under/overpasses.NebraskaWhen applying for a CDL in Nebraska, you must provide:Proof of valid U.S. citizenship or Proof of Lawful StatusU.S.-based identityA current address in NebraskaA  valid social security numberYou mustBe 21+ years old when you apply if planning to drive inside and outside of  NebraskaBe 18+ years old when you apply if planning to drive only within NebraskaTake a knowledge and skills testKnowledge TestYou are required to take one or more knowledge tests, depending on the  class of license and   endorsements you need.The general knowledge test is taken by all applicants.The passenger transport test is taken by all bus driver applicants.The air brakes test is taken if your vehicle has air brakes, including air over hydraulic brakes.The combination vehicles test is taken if you want to drive combination vehicles.The hazardous materi als test is required if you want to haul hazardous materials as defined in 49 CFR 383.5.The tank vehicle test is taken  if you want to haul any liquid or gaseous materials in tank(s) with  an individual rated capacity of 119+ gallons.The doubles/triples test is taken if you want to pull double or triple trailers.The school bus test is taken if you want to drive a school bus.Skills TestFinally, if and when you pass the required knowledge test(s), you can take the CDL skills tests. There are three types of general skills that will be tested: vehicle inspection, basic vehicle control, and on-road driving. You must take these tests in the type of vehicle for which you wish to be licensed.

Customer Protection Laws, Law of Torts and the Contract Act Essay

Customer Protection Laws, Law of Torts and the Contract Act - Essay Example On the part of the Company, it would be the purchase price consideration. Consideration, according to Jill Poole, in her book, Text Book on Contract Law, could be described as the action, inaction or promise thereof by one party, which stimulates action, inaction, or promise of another. (Poole 1996-2008, P. 3). The following case illustration would drive home the aspects regarding the law applicable in this case. A arranges with a lorry transport Company, B, to transfer his chattels and also paid advance towards this arrangement. However, during the actual movement of goods, the cases fall into the river. B is under contract with A and therefore, a breach of contract has resulted. Again, in this case, if A could prove negligence, B may be held negligible under Tort. Therefore, under such circumstances, the transport company could be held liable for actions under Contract, and also under Tort law, or both. In the Henderson v. Merritt Syndicate Limited case, the learned jury, Lord Goff observed â€Å"Approached as a matter of principle, therefore, it is right to attribute to that assumption of responsibility, together with its concomitant reliance, a tortuous liability and then to inquire whether or not that liability is excluded by the contract because the latter is inconsistent with it.† (Poole 1996-2008, P. 6). In this case study, it is seen that the product stopped functioning during the warranty period. This warranty is termed as â€Å"warranty of fitness† whereby the buyer agrees to purchase the laptop upon the express condition that, in the event of non-functioning within a period of six months, it would be repaired free of cost Answer.com: Consumer protection: Warranties. (Consumer protection. 2008).In this case, it could be said that there is an Express warranty that assures the quality, description, or performance of the product. These warranties may be less apparent than are product advertisements.  

Classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classification - Essay Example The first and perhaps one of the best advertising campaigns using the pathetic i.e. emotional appeal comes from Apple Inc. The company ran a series of print ads showing famous figures from the past and the message â€Å"Think Different† along with the Apple logo as a part of their image making campaign. The drive was launched in 1997 soon after the return of Steve Jobs to Apple and even though the product itself is mass produced, compatible with every other computer and is in fact not very different from the previous computers made by Apple, the viewer is invited to â€Å"Think Different† when it comes to the consumer products of the company (Elliott, 1998). For example, the image of Edison brings about an emotional reaction and links the ingenuity as well the brilliance of the man with the product made by Apple Inc. The campaign was a success and won many awards for each of the print ads was one of a famous personality. The people used for the campaign included some of the most admired high achievers in the world and they came from all walks of life such as business, sports, performing arts, government and even human rights activism (Elliott, 1998). Interestingly, even though the product being advertised is a computer which may benefit more from a logical appeal that describes the benefits and advantages of using the product, an emotional appeal is used by the company without having much text on the ad itself. Beyond the pathetic appeal, the ethical appeal can also be used in print ads particularly when the message becomes more abstract and a direct point of comparison may not be necessary. For example, in political campaigns the message of the politician may simply be that s/he is a better choice than the other candidate and thus appeal to the ethics of the audience rather than the logic of the audience. An example of such marketing is given below where Ronald Reagan appears to be looking directly at the viewer as well as into the

Best ERP Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Best ERP Systems - Research Paper Example Additionally, the ERP can also include other applications for the finance and human resources areas of an organization. Normally, a relational database system is used or integrated with an ERP system. Moreover, the implementation of an ERP system can engage substantial business process analysis, workers retraining, and new work processes (Brislen & Krishnakumar, 2000; Creative Chaos (Pvt.) Ltd., 2012). This research is aimed at selecting a most excellent ERP solution for the business corporation. In this scenario, an ERP system will be chosen from world top ten ERP solutions. World Top Ten ERP Systems Given below is a list of world 10 best ERP systems: (Shaul, 2011) SAP Oracle Microsoft Infor IFS Abas Epicor Syspro Plex Sage Selection of Best ERP System I have conducted a detailed research to determine the best ERP option. For the selection of an ERP I considered their capabilities and business facilities. In this scenario, I found SAP ERP as the world leading and most excellent solu tion for the business and corporate operational management (Daneva, 1999). In past few years, SAP R/3 technology based system has turned out to be one of the best options for many business organizations that have boarded on business procedure optimization. The majority of them have made the selection of SAP R/3 enterprise resource planning package for the reason that SAP has attained the instant profits which resulted from the full software reprocess. Since its establishment in 1972, SAP has developed as well as productively upheld the communications of procedures, people and tools for clients to reuse. In addition, SAP has always carried out the systematic and logical software reprocess strategy. However, it initially prepared the reuse practice as an integral part of the R/3 Configure-to-Order cycle and started reusing effectively and efficiently. Therefore, in 1992, due to the rising influence of venture modeling architectures, methodologies for integrated IT, and business engine ering tools, SAP R/3 requirements recycle turned out to be the major stream. In addition, to attain these elevated altitudes of reuse; SAP has designed and implemented the R/3 Reference Model, which is a wide-ranging ERP architectural justification of the FU3 System contained 4 visions: (Daneva, 1999) Business process view Function view Data view Organizational view Sap ERP Capabilities The ERP SAP system provides the facilities of centralized data storage and communication. This system provides an excellent support for data handling, planning and management. Hence, the ERP SAP implementation at an organization brings numerous benefits such as better administration and planning of organizational business. SAP services provide the organizations with trouble-free technical capabilities for dispersed systems with functionality that wraps every main feature of advanced operation, process, and permanent development (SAP1, 2012; SAP2, 2012; SAP3, 2012; SAP4, 2012; SAP5, 2012). In addition , SAP ERP technology offers a centralized data storage that is responsible for managing and organizing the management operations, ERP SAP services tools and components to augment the dependability of organizational solutions

Meaning of Life and Daffodils Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Daffodils Essay The person who is saying the poem is a person who hardly admires nature for its true beauty. 2. Occasion: A trip to the lake inspired this poem because there he saw all these daffodils by the lake and compared them to stars. 3. Audience: The audience for this poem are all those who do not appreciate the beauty of nature and more so to the well-educated. 4. Purpose: The reason Wordsworth wrote this poem was to express the beauty of all nature and how we take its beauty for granted. He is wishing to convey that we should acknowledge nature because we are nature and nature is in all of use. Also that we should admire its beauty before the image is gone and it’s too late. 5. Subject: The poem is about a man who takes a trip to lake and wanders around without a care in the world, like a cloud. Then he sees all these daffodils and compares them to stars. Later he returns to his couch to then realize that the scene was beautiful and that all nature is beautiful. 6. Tone: The author’s attitude towards nature is that he loves the beauty of it and how should admire its beauty. That it should take a â€Å"pensive mood† (Line 20; Wordsworth) for us to realize the beauty of nature, because we should always admire its beauty. Poem Analysis TP-CASTT 1. Title: The title seems to give off a sense of relaxation and a worry free feeling. Floating through life with no worries, like a cloud. 2. Paraphrase: A person is wandering around like a cloud does when it floats high over vales and hills. At a glance he sees a host of golden daffodils beside the lake, beneath the trees, fluttering and dancing. He compares the daffodils to the stars and how the flowers remind him of the Milky Way. The flowers stretch endlessly along the margin of the bay. He saw just ten thousand in one glance. The waves besides the flowers danced but they could not outdo the sparkling waves of the daffodils. A poet could not be happy in such jocund company. He gazed at the show but thought little of what wealth the show to him had brought. It wasn’t until he lay on his couch in a pensive mood that the image flashes before is inward eye, which is the bliss of solitude. Then finally his heart is fills with pleasure and dances with the daffodils. 3. Connotation: The author uses personification to bring to life the daffodils and to connect them with humans. â€Å"dancing in the breeze. † (Line 6; Wordsworth) This imagery gives us a sense that the daffodils are trying to communicate with us through â€Å"dancing†, and tell us that we are really no different than them. The author gives off a relaxed tone by making the speaker wander like a cloud, and we can also tell that the author loves the beauty of nature and thinks that we are connected to it, by what he has the speaker do in the poem. The attitude that the speaker has toward nature is that at first he doesn’t really admire the beauty of the daffodils until he lies on his couch and thinks about what he saw. The speakers attitude towards himself is that he doesn’t really see what’s so important about nature, until he really thinks about it. . Shifts: The poem shifts when the speaker says, â€Å"but little thought,† (Line 17; Wordsworth). It also shifts when he lies on his couch to think about nature. It shifts from a sense of perspective, because at fist he just examined the lake and saw daffodils, but it wasn’t until later, after he left, that there was more to the daffodils than just being plants. 6. Title: Now when I see the title is see that it is saying that the speaker is wandering though life with no knowledge about nature and its connection with life. 7. Theme: The poem is about a man who takes a trip to lake and wanders around without a care in the world, like a cloud. Then he sees all these daffodils and compares them to stars. Later he returns to his couch to then realize that the scene was beautiful and that all nature is beautiful. The theme of the story is that we just see nature as plants and trees and we do not admire the true meaning of nature. Once we do see the true meaning of nature and how we are connected, we are not around to admire its beauty in person because it’s too late.

The Wright Brothers: Great Innovators of Flight Essay example -- Wilbu

Throughout history, mankind has been fascinated with the concept of flight. It was not until the turn of the 20th Century that the dream of flying among the birds became a reality. On December 17, 1905, Wilbur and Orville Wright flew on the first flying machine that was heavier than air. The Wright brothers made a legacy for themselves and are remembered as some of the greatest innovators of their time. In this report, I will give a brief biographic account of the early adulthood, pre-flight business endeavors, and the events that led up to the innovation that evolved into modern aeronautics. Wilbur, the eldest, was born near Millville, Indiana in 1867. Orville was born Dayton, Ohio, in 1871. During their childhood, the Wright brothers were inseparable. According to The Wright Brothers by Russell Freedman, Wilbur Wright once said, â€Å"From the time we were little children, my brother Orville and myself lived together, played together, worked together and, in fact, thought together.† Even as adults, they shared everything from a joint bank account and their flight experiments. To the surprise of the public, despite being good students, neither of the Wright Brothers finished high school nor received any special education in the fields of science and engineering. However, they always were handy with tools and had well-developed problem solving skills. Even as adults, the wright brothers enjoyed playing with mechanical toys and devices. There curiosity with mechanical devices with encouraged by their parents, Milton Wright and Susan Koerner. In 1878, after the father returned from a business trip, Milton Wright gave his sons a toy called a Pà ©naud helicopter. This toy was made of cork, bamboo, and thin paper and ... ...mproved versions of the original Flyer. The inventions and discoveries of the Wright brothers have become the foundation of modern aeronautics. The invention of the airplane has improved over sea travel and is one of the fastest modes of travel. Today, thousands of people fly on commercial airlines in order to travel long distances in extremely short periods of time. Furthermore, airplanes have become an important form of technology used to turn the tides of war. The Wright brothers reached for the sky and flew beyond expectations. Works Cited Old, Wendie. To Fly: The Story of the Wright Brothers Freedman, Russell. The Wright Brothers: How They Invented the Airplane Wikipedia The Wright Brothers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright_brothers The Smithsonian The Wright Brothers http://airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/wright-brothers/online/

Difficulties of Parenting Essay

Every day thousands and thousands of adults around the world experience the happiness and challenges of becoming new parents. Every generation goes through the period of having to raise its children to adulthood. Even though parenthood has a great deal of positive points for the mother and father, it is probably the most difficult task that they will take on in their lives. Being a good parent requires a great deal of effort in many different areas throughout a child’s life, and being able to successfully manage all those areas is what makes parenthood so demanding. The actual process of physically raising an infant is probably the most difficult task for a parent. When a child is born, it is completely helpless and needs constant attention to all its needs. Parents must constantly feed it, clean it, and always pay constant attention to their new child since it is completely dependent on them. Finding the right foods, cloths, and other necessary items such as diapers and baby bottles might look easy, but they are quite difficult and require a great deal of time and attention. Picking the wrong baby formula can cause a baby to get sick, and finding the correct size for baby cloths can be quite difficult. Also, since there are many different variations and brands for everything babies need, parents will usually find it hard to decide what the right product is for their child. For example, finding the perfect car seat for a baby becomes a big challenge when the parents must choose between at least twenty similar brands. As the child grows up, new challenges are created for the parents. One of the most important parts of raising a child is to teach it morals and discipline. Many times parents find it difficult to decide when and how to teach a child a certain thing. For example, parents must show that lying and cheating are not good, but many are unable to explain the negative results of these actions. Also, many families have environments where children see their parents doing many of the bad things that they showed their children to be wrong. Therefore, another difficult task for parents is to create a positive home setting that is based on what they teach their children. Also, parents must find a way to discipline their children without causing fear in them. Some children are more difficult that others for teaching discipline, but parents must be careful not to be too forceful with them but, at the  same time, be able to gain their full respect. The many stresses of raising a child can have a strong impact on the parents through the years, and learning to adjust to the new stresses of life is quite important but difficult for parents to do. Financially, the cost of living becomes much higher for the parents, and they realize that they must find new ways to adjust their lives in order to make ends meet. They will eventually have to give up on many things that they used to do such as going to expensive restaurants and yearly trips out of town. Parents always want the best for their children and many times must find ways to help their children get over the many hurdles such as school work, peer pressure, and other things that may cause a child to lose its confidence. In this way parents go through the same stresses that their children go through, and the long years of continuous stress will have a lasting effect on the parents. Finally, one of the more difficult realities that parents face is the loss of their freedom and free time. They realize that the daily walks together become more and more difficult. They will have a lot fewer romantic dinners together. Instead, they will be spending more time at home with the children or, at best, in a family restaurant with the rest of the families with children. At first, accepting this reality will be a difficult task for the parents. As time goes by, they adapt to the new environment. However, many men and women go through periods of depression in their late 30’s and 40’s due to the fact that they feel like they have lost a big portion of their younger times raising their children and are no longer able to enjoy life as they did before. It is another sacrifice that all parents make for their children. Clearly, having children and raising them to the best of their abilities are goal of most parents. However, accomplishing this goal is probably the most difficult challenge of their lives. It takes a great deal of energy, both physically and emotionally, to turn an infant into an adult, and it all comes at a big cost and sacrifice for the parents. As they raise their children, parents learn as much as their children about life. In a way, they grow with their children in their own ways through the good and the often  difficult times.

Program

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program: â€Å"Kaya ng Pinoy tumawid sa Kaunlaran† One afternoon, I bought chips and drinks in a mini-mart. I fall in a long line with people who are too busy checking up their groceries. I heard one talking about the money that they have to budget in a week or two that in some sort helps them in their living. The cash that they had was from a program. I was too curious about the program that they were talking about, what comes next was I found myself talking to one of these people about the program. The Bridge of the Filipino PeoplePantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program is one of government’s programs that aims to reduce the number of poor Filipinos through helping them in health and education particularly children who suffer at ages 0-14. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program provides cash subsidies to poor households in the country with zero to 14 years old children. It provides a P500 monthly allowance per household and P300 monthly per chil d under the health and education package respectively granted that the beneficiaries follow the set conditions of the program on health and education.Included in the program conditions are regular health checkups for children, pre- and post-natal checkups for pregnant women, 85 percent school attendance for children, and attendance on family development sessions monthly of parent-beneficiaries. Further, because of several factors that affect the indigenous people’s welfare – among which are cultural belief, isolation and lack of education, there is a need to establish links with non-government organizations, concerned local government units, and Civil Society Organizations to provide services and ensure the general welfare of the said group and address their specific concerns.Also, the DSWD Field Office IV-A reported that more frequent monitoring is being conducted to the group to ensure high compliance of the said families to program conditions and high involvement in the program activities. Other services being provided to the said groups are supplemental feeding, literacy class, livelihood projects, and birth registration. The program covers 17 regions, 80 provinces, 733 cities/municipalities including Lipa City. All in all, there are 1 million poor households covered in the program. Objectives of Pantawid ProgramFirst is eradating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women. It provides assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate needs and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty investment in human capital such as education, health and nutrition. The program aims to respond on the basic needs of the poor families through financial assistance and to elevate the poor through helping poor families in terms of their health, nutrition and education. Procedure on Beneficiaries selection:The DSWD-Region IV-A hired personnel for the survey of Lipenos last 2009. The fol lowing filled up form will proceed to Proxy Means Test (PMP). A machine that will determine the socio-economic category of families or either the families is poorest household. Third quarter of 2011, the DSWD Region IVA, provide us a copy of master list of eligible household with a total of 9,201 families/ Fourth quarter of 2011, we assisted the DSWD staff for organization of Assemblies for validation of household at PVM School and Marawoy-wherein our constituent submitted birth certificate, marriage contract, barangay clearance and 2 valid ID’s.From 9,201 household, 7,323 are complied with the requirements of the program. (1,878 not passed) Memorandum of agreement was signed by the Mayor. Identification card was given to qualified beneficiaries. There is only one design of the ID distributed to 72 barangay by the DSWD Central Office. The distribution of ID was done 2nd week to 3rd week of March simultaneously to cope with the scheduled of the pay out on March 27-31, 2012 for the month of January and February 2012.The amount of grant for the said month will be given on a cash basis at Landbank, Marawoy, lipa City by presenting the Identification Card issued. The program provides conditional cash to beneficiaries through Landbank. What are the Pantawid Benefits Health and Nutrition grant were P500. 00 per household and a total of 6,000 per year or yearly. In education, 300. 00 per month will be given per child for 10 months a year to a maximum of 3 children per household. A household with 3 qualified children (5-14 years old) will received a total of P900. 0 as long as they comply with the conditionality’s. Based on the category the amount to be received by the beneficiaries for a month were 500, 800, 1,100 and 1400 (based on the approved beneficiaries of the program) Last January and February the program have a total of 15,079,000. 00 grant to 7,323 Lipenos. The Conditionalities (Co-responsibilities of household beneficiaries) For the nutrition o f children 0-5 years old, the beneficiary should visit the city health center to avail immunization.They should also have a monthly weight monitoring and nutrition counselling for the children age 0-2 years old and have quarterly weight monitoring for the age 25-37 weeks old. Lastly, they should have management of childhood disease for sick children 6-14 years old and must receive de worming pills twice a year. For the education of children ages 3-5 years old, they should be enrolled in day care of pre-school program and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month.For the children 6-14 years old they should also be enrolled in Elementary and Secondary School and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. Aside from that, the parents or the guardian have their own responsibility. They must attend family development session at least once a month. They should participate in a community activities, (cleanliness drive, etc. ) and promote and strengthen the implementation of the program. â€Å"Pantawid Tulong† for the lipeno Families As of August 2012, there are 7, 290 lipeno grantees of Pantawid PamilyaProgram and they are monitored every 2 months. The support of the City Mayor, Hon. Meynard A. Sabili to the implementation of the program was continuous as he personally participates in all of the activities of the program. He acted like a father caring to 7, 329 children and always reminding them of the Pantawid contionalities and how to be a good parent to their children. â€Å"Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a blessing to our family. I found a new partner to help me sustain the needs of my children.. † Ate Elsa said, one of the program’s beneficiary. -Yvette Landicho

Free Essays on Parents

Parents are very influential in the way their child views his or her surroundings. The majority of children get their thoughts, ideas and views from their parents. When poverty is present in a child’s life it tends to shape the way he or she view things in the world. Finally, the immediate surroundings or environment can have an impact on a child’s views. In The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros Esperanza is faced with these three aspects in her childhood. Esperanza’s lack of parental guidance, the poverty surrounding her, and the environment she lives in influence the way she views life. Raising a child is sometimes a difficult task. Children are often adventurous in seeking answers to the questions they have about life and where they fit in. Parents have the responsibility of answering these questions, and these answers are often opinionated which provide the child with the same views as the parent. Esperanza views her mother as a pretty, warm loving person: â€Å"my mother’s hair, my mothers hair, like little rosettes, like little candy circles all curly and pretty because she pinned it in pincurls all day, sweet to put your nose into when she is holding you, holding you and you feel safe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6). As Esperanza’s parent, it is her responsibility to recognize how much Esperanza looks up to her and to set good examples for her to follow, but she always doesn’t do so. The day of her cousin’s baptism her mother doesn’t bring home the shoes Esperanza wanted for her new outfit, showing Esperanza she really doesn’ t care about her feelings. Once they arrived at the baptism her mother again sets a bad example and begins to drink, but she gets out of hand and becomes ill from it. â€Å"Mama dances, laughs, dances. All of a sudden, mama is sick† (47). She is demonstrating that it is all right to drink heavily in front of children. All this is shaping Esperanzas’ beliefs, she is being led in a negative di... Free Essays on Parents Free Essays on Parents Parents are very influential in the way their child views his or her surroundings. The majority of children get their thoughts, ideas and views from their parents. When poverty is present in a child’s life it tends to shape the way he or she view things in the world. Finally, the immediate surroundings or environment can have an impact on a child’s views. In The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros Esperanza is faced with these three aspects in her childhood. Esperanza’s lack of parental guidance, the poverty surrounding her, and the environment she lives in influence the way she views life. Raising a child is sometimes a difficult task. Children are often adventurous in seeking answers to the questions they have about life and where they fit in. Parents have the responsibility of answering these questions, and these answers are often opinionated which provide the child with the same views as the parent. Esperanza views her mother as a pretty, warm loving person: â€Å"my mother’s hair, my mothers hair, like little rosettes, like little candy circles all curly and pretty because she pinned it in pincurls all day, sweet to put your nose into when she is holding you, holding you and you feel safe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (6). As Esperanza’s parent, it is her responsibility to recognize how much Esperanza looks up to her and to set good examples for her to follow, but she always doesn’t do so. The day of her cousin’s baptism her mother doesn’t bring home the shoes Esperanza wanted for her new outfit, showing Esperanza she really doesn’ t care about her feelings. Once they arrived at the baptism her mother again sets a bad example and begins to drink, but she gets out of hand and becomes ill from it. â€Å"Mama dances, laughs, dances. All of a sudden, mama is sick† (47). She is demonstrating that it is all right to drink heavily in front of children. All this is shaping Esperanzas’ beliefs, she is being led in a negative di...

How Mild Intellectual Disability Is Defined

How Mild Intellectual Disability Is Defined Editors note: Since this article was originally written, mental retardation as a diagnosis has been replaced with an intellectual or cognitive disability.   Since the term retard made its way into the lexicon of the schoolyard bully, retardation has also become offensive. Retardation did remain as part of the diagnostic vocabulary until the publication of the DSM V. What Is Mild Intellectual Disability (MID), Also Referred to as Mild Mental Retardation? Many of the characteristics of MID correspond to those of Learning Disabilities. The intellectual development will be slow, however, MID students have the potential to learn within the regular classroom given appropriate modifications and/or accommodations. Some MID students will require greater support and/or withdrawal than others will. MID students, like all students, demonstrate their own strengths and weaknesses. Depending on the educational jurisdiction, criteria for MID will often state that the child is functioning approximately 2-4 years behind or 2-3 standard deviations below the norm or have an IQ under 70-75. An intellectual disability may vary from mild to profound. How Are MID Students Identified? Depending on the education jurisdiction, testing for MID will vary. Generally, a combination of assessment methods is used to identify mild intellectual disabilities. Methods may or may not include IQ scores or percentiles, adaptive skills cognitive tests in various areas, skills-based assessments, and levels of academic achievement. Some jurisdictions will not use the term MID but will use mild mental retardation. (see note above.) Academic Implications of MID Students with MID may demonstrate some, all or a combination of the following characteristics: 2 to 4 years behind in cognitive development which could include math, language, short attention spans, memory difficulties and delays in speech development.Social relationships are often impacted. The MID child may exhibit behavior problems, be immature, display some obsessive/compulsive behaviors and lack the understanding of verbal/nonverbal clues and will often have difficulty following rules and routines.Adaptive skills, everyday skills for functioning, may be compromised. These children may be clumsy, use simple language with short sentences, have minimal organization skills and will need reminders about hygiene, such as washing hands, brushing teeth (life skills). etc.Weak confidence is often demonstrated by MID students. These students are easily frustrated and require opportunities to improve self-esteem. Lots of support will be needed to ensure they try new things and take risks in learning.Concrete to abstract thought is often missing or significantly delayed. This include s the lacking ability to understand the difference between figurative and literal language. Best Practices Use simple, short, uncomplicated sentences to ensure maximum understanding. Repeat instructions or directions frequently and ask the student if further clarification is necessary.Keep distractions and transitions to a minimum.Teach specific skills whenever necessary.Provide an encouraging, supportive learning environment that will capitalize on student success and self-esteem.Use appropriate program interventions in all areas where necessary to maximize success.Use alternative instructional strategies and alternative assessment methods.Help the MID student develop appropriate  social skills to support friend and peer relationships.Teach organizational skills.Use behavior contracts, and reinforce positive behavior if necessary.Ensure that your routines and rules are consistent. Keep conversations as normal as possible to maximize inclusion with peers. Teach the difference between literal/figurative language.Be patient! Assist with coping strategies.